The story of the second half of the 19th century. In the 19th century in America the word ‘chick,’ as opposed to ‘chick-pie’, was often used by people of color - the term first used in a conversation.
It is a word that has been used, used, used very, very often, said James J. Dolan, the American anthropologist who first used the term for himself when he was a young researcher at the University of Oklahoma. And that’s one of my main objectives - to see what it means to be black and how that relates to slavery.
That question resonated with a lot of Americans and the American political scene.
A lot of white people are very, very upset about race-blindness, said Dolan. They think that they’re just too smart or too smart on how to deal with it, because nobody’s got any way of explaining that to them.
It’s a notion that has been tried previously in the 19th century. A French social scientist named Jacques Guillot-Mrinaux used the word to describe what was called a black political group based at the time in France.
But the word was taken to a new level when Henry Clay, an abolitionist hero, used it during the 1790s. In 1794, he declared in his speech to a national meeting in France that the African-American population in the state of California were less than half that the black population.
A generation later, in 1797, Congress passed a law banning the use of this word.
For many whites like Dolan, that was a little too broad a word.
From the first half of the 19th century you could’t get a name for them, said Dolan. It had very little character.
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